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    Historical national accounts

    Tables of Historical National Accounts comprise two different types of National Accounts figures. Backcast figures which are consistent with the latest compilations, and obsolete published figures, which shed light on the available National Accounts figures for the observers, of bygone periods, of their contemporaneous economy. , Introduction, The most important descriptive tool of the macroeconomy of, say, Denmark is the current compilations of the National Accounts, henceforth abreviated as Statistics Denmarks current National Accounts., This page covers two different meanings of ”Historical National Accounts”:, backcast National Accounts figures, which are consistent the figures of the current National Accounts, but covers previous periods, and, obsolete published figures of the National Accounts, meaning figures which, for different reasons, partly or wholly are not consistent with the current National Accounts from Statistics Denmark., Why are both interesting?, Backcast National Accounts figures are interesting because, they extend the consistent description of the Danish economy backwards in Time, further than the current National Accounts figures go. These extended figures help us see the business cycles (the aggregate motion of the economy) over the longer term., Obsolete published figures of the National Accounts are interesting for those who would like to understand how observers were able to view the economy of their own times, e.g. from the 1950’ies and 1960’ies, of the 1940’ies and 1950’ies., What is the difference?, Very briefly differences are accounted for by three factors: compilation manuals, the division of labour in the organization of the World’s production, and the coverage of available statistics., From the first modern sets of National Accounts figures emerged in the 1930’ies and 1940’ies much research has been conducted and conceptual refinement has found their way into the international compilation manuals from organizations, like United Nations (UN) and the OECD. These changes of the basic manuals, changes in the organization and distribution of productive activities across national boundaries (e.g. the increasing globalisation of production) has changed details of even fundamental concepts like Gross Domestic Product (GDP; in Danish: bruttonationalproduktet, BNP)., Economic-political data requirements for a more precise description of the Danish economy’s structures and dynamics increased historically the means with which to provide important improvements in the systematic statistical coverage of areas such as business statistics and labour market statistics., These three factors combined changes the requirements of and the ability to provide a more precise description of the economy. For this reason the published figures of different compilation regimes, of overlapping years, are usually different even for the exact same years., To gather what is similar, and separate what is different, we har introduced the somewhat technical term ”National Accounts compilation regimes”, here anre elsewhere abreviated ”NA-regimes”, or ”compilation regimes”., Previously published figures and descriptions from the Danish National Accounts have revealed 19 different NA-regimes, from the first was published in December 1945, until the lastest, the current, which started in 2016., Introduction to key the concepts Gross Domestic Product (GDP; in Danish: bruttonationalprodukt, BNP), Gross National Income (GNI; in Danish: bruttonationalindkomst, BNI) and Gross Domestic  Product in factor prices (in Danish: bruttofaktorindkomst, BFI) may be found elsewhere on pages concerning the Danish National Accounts., Documentation, Published figures of the Danish National Accounts are divided into 19 separate, official compilation regimes:, Name of compilation regimes, Main release vehicle (-s), in Danish, NR1945, Statistiske Efterretninger 1945:52, d. 14. december, Statistiske Meddelelser 4/129/5, 1948, NR1948, Statistiske Efterretninger 1948:25, d. 11. juni, NR1951, Statistiske Meddelelser 4/140/2, 1951, NR1955, Statistiske Meddelelser 4/160/2, 1955, NR1960, Statistisk oversigt 1948-1959, udgivet 1960, samt Statistisk årbog 1960, udgivet 1961, NR1962, Statistiske Undersøgelser 7, 1962, NR1965, Statistiske Efterretninger 1965:59, d. 15. dec., NR1972, Statistiske Efterretninger 1972:79, d. 20. dec., NR1978, Statistiske Efterretninger 1978:A20, d. 29. august,, Statistiske undersøgelser nr.30 og 31, 1973, NR1981, Statistiske Efterretninger 1981:A30, d. 22. september, ”National­regnskabsstatistik 1966-1981”, udgivet 1983, NR1984, Statistiske Efterretninger 1984:18, d. 23. december, ”National­regnskabsstatistik 1983”, udgivet 1985, NR1995, Statistiske Efterretninger 1995:12, d. 19. juni, ”National­regnskabsstatistik 1994”, udgivet 1996, NR1997, Statistiske Undersøgelser 46, 1997, NR2000, Statistiske Efterretninger 2000:03, d. 13. april, ”National­regnskabsstatistik 1999, Aprilversion”, udgivet juni 2000,, ”Nationalregnskab ENS95. Makroøkonomiske tidsrækker 1966-1997”, udgivet 2001., NR2005, Statistiske Efterretninger 2005:08, d. 26. juli”, ”National­regnskabsstatistik 2003”, udgivet september 2005, NR2009, Statistiske Efterretninger 2009:15, d. 09. nov., ”National­regnskab 2008”, udgivet januar 2010, NR2011, Statistiske Efterretninger 2011:11, d. 15. september, ”National­regnskab 2010”, udgivet februar 2012, NR2014, ”Nationalregnskab og offentlige finanser, ESA 2010, Hovedrevision 2014”, udgivet september 2014, Statistiske Efterretninger 2014:13, d. 22. december, NR2016, , det aktuelle, Statistiske Efterretninger 2016:11, d. 15. nov., In addition there is a half-official compilation regime:, Name of compilation regimes, Main release vehicle (-s), in Danish, BU1958, Kjeld Bjerke og Niels Ussing: , Studier over Danmarks nationalprodukt 1870-1950, , Kbh., 1958. Udsendt af Statistisk Departement sammen med Københavns Universitet, Økonomisk Institut., and some unofficial compilation regimes:, Name of compilation regimes, Main release vehicle (-s), in Danish, SH1983, Svend Aage Hansen: , Økonomisk vækst, , bind II, Akademisk forlag, Kbh., 3.udg., 1983. Publikation nummer 6 fra Københavns Universitet, Institut for Økonomisk Historie., En meget anvendt kilde, med talrækker til 1818. Kan betragtes som en tilbageføring af NR1962, med en videreføring ved NR1965 og NR1972., SL2010, Larsen, Hans Kryger; Søren Larsen og Carl-Axel Nilsson: ”Landbrug og industri i Danmark 1896 -1965. Nye beregninger af bfi inden for de varefremstillende sektorer”, , Historisk Tidsskrift, , bind 110, nr.2, 2010. Siderne 358-401.  , Her anvendes alene tallene for 1947-1965, der skyldes Søren Larsen. En tidligere version af disse tal for 1947-1965 har været indarbejdet i visse af den økonomiske model ADAMs databanker, som tilbageføring af NR1984., Five main publications of obsolete sets of National Accounts figures, in addition to access to the figures of their tables: , Bjerke, Kjeld, og Niels Ussing: , Studier over Danmarks nationalprodukt 1870-1950, , Statistisk Departement og Københavns Universitets Økonomiske Institut, G.E.C Gads forlag, 1958. Due to unresolved intellectual property rights we are presently unable to provide this as a pdf-document., Statistisk Departement: , Nationalproduktet og Nationalindkomsten 1930-1946, , Statistiske Meddelelser 4. række, 129. bind, 5. hæfte, 1948., Statistisk Departement: , Nationalproduktet og Nationalindkomsten 1946-1949, , Statistiske Meddelelser 4. række, 140. bind, 2. hæfte, 1951., Statistisk Departement: , Nationalindkomsten 1938 og 1947-54, , Statistiske Meddelelser 4. række, 160. bind, 2. hæfte, 1955., Statistisk Departement: , Nationalregnskabsstatistik 1947-60, , Statistiske Undersøgelser nr.7, 1962., Zip-files with table contents as MS-Excel-spreadsheets, Tabelindhold - Studier over Danmarks nationalprodukt 1870-1950 (zip), Tabelindhold - Nationalproduktet og Nationalindkomsten 1930-1946 (zip), Tabelindhold - Nationalproduktet og Nationalindkomsten 1946-1949 (zip), Tabelindhold - Nationalindkomsten 1938 og 1947-54 (zip), Tabelindhold - Nationalregnskabsstatistik 1947-60 (zip),  , Key figures,   , Related content in Historical national accounts, Tables in Statbank , Scheduled releases , Contact, Michael Osterwald-Lenum, Phone: +45 20 57 01 29, Mail: , mol@dst.dk

    https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/oekonomi/nationalregnskab/historisk-nationalregnskab

    Subject page

    Environmental-economic accounts

    The environmental-economic accounts are a system of accounts for the economy, the climate and the environment that supplements the conventional national accounts. The environmental-economic accounts are based on an international statistical standard called the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA). Statistics Denmark often refers to the environmental-economic accounts as green national accounts. , Energy and air emission accounts, Shows the production and consumption of various kinds of energy, emission of CO2, other greenhouse gases and air pollution, and the Danish climate footprint., Material flow and waste accounts, Shows the material consumption of the economy and how much waste we generate. For example, you can see how much waste is sorted for recycling., Water and wastewater, Shows the abstraction of water, the water consumption of households and businesses, and how much waste water we produce., Green economy, Shows the public revenue from green taxes, expenditure on environmental protection, environmental transfers, and the turnover of green goods and services., Natural resource accounts, Shows how many natural resources Denmark has in the form of oil, natural gas, fish and forests, and how much of the Danish area that is agricultural land, nature, buildings, etc., System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA), The environmental-economic accounts are based on guidelines drawn up by the UN, World Bank, IMF, OECD, FAO and the EU. Read more about the international standard SEEA CF - System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Central Framework.

    https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/miljoe-og-energi/groent-nationalregnskab

    Subject page

    Analyses: How the Danish consumption affects the world's natural resources

    The Danish consumption taps into the natural resources - not just domestically, but in major parts of the world. Our planet's resources are not infinite, and the focus on sustainability and pressure on resources is increasing., This analysis takes a closer look at the use of natural resources in the Danish economy and presents the results of the first assessment of the Danish resource footprint. The resource footprint is an attempt to account for the resources extracted from nature both in Denmark and abroad for the goods and services used in the Danish economy., Main conclusions: , Danish imports in 2016 weighed 63m tonnes. However, the production of imported goods and services is associated with an additional intermediate consumption of 70m and 21m tonnes respectively, so that total imports accounted for a resource footprint of approximately 154m tonnes in 2016., The weight of the goods exported from Denmark in 2016 was 38m tonnes, but behind the production of this was a total extraction of 102m tonnes of raw materials in Denmark and abroad. Moreover, the production of services for export required 35m tonnes of raw materials., Denmark’s resource footprint per capita is considerably bigger than the EU average. Our consumption and investments etc. required extraction of 22 tonnes of raw materials per capita, whereas the EU average was 14 tonnes., The Danish resource footprint has grown since 2013, but is lower than in 2008. Especially the consumption of goods associated with non-metallic minerals, such as stone and gravel for the construction industry, has grown., Get as pdf, How the Danish consumption affects the world's natural resources, Colophone, How the Danish consumption affects the world's natural resources, Subject group: Environment and energy, Released: 14 February 2020 08:00, No. 2020:04, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:, Bogomil Emilov Iliev, Telephone: +45 21 18 78 92

    Analysis

    Analyses: Few industrial groups contribute massively to Denmark's balance of payments surplus

    For a long period, Denmark has had a surplus on the balance of payments. The manufacturing industry contributes massively to the balance of payments surplus because the sector has extensive net exports of goods. Danish industrial groups have increasingly become globally organised producing goods across borders., Accordingly, there is a close correlation between the manufacturing industry’s investments in foreign subsidiaries and Danish exports and investment income that impacts the balance of payments statistics., As part of the examination of the international organisation of industrial groups and their significance to the Danish economy, this analysis examines investments abroad and the groups’ total contribution to the balance of payments surplus in 2018. To illustrate the presence abroad, we apply a new approach to examine the ultimate destinations for the industrial groups’ investments., Main conclusions:, The contribution by just five large industrial groups to the balance of payments surplus corre­sponds nearly to the entire Danish balance of payments surplus in 2018., The industrial groups’ total contribution to the balance of payments was DKK 297 billion in 2018, which is almost twice the total balance of payments surplus., The surplus is driven by goods exports of which an increasing part never crosses the Danish border, because the goods are produced by subsidiaries abroad., Danish industrial groups have substantial investments in subsidiaries abroad. Complex group structures often lead to investments passing through several countries before they reach their final destinations., A new method for calculating ultimate hosting countries for the investments shows that par­ticularly investments in China and Russia are channelled through other countries., Get as pdf, Few industrial groups contribute massively to Denmark's balance of payments surplus, Colophone, Few industrial groups contribute massively to Denmark's balance of payments surplus, Subject group: Economy, Released: 17 February 2020 08:00, No. 2020:05, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:, Mads Møller Liedig, Telephone: +45 40 12 97 72

    Analysis

    Analyses: Large increase in sales of goods abroad by Danish manufacturing industries

    Globalisation means that Danish enterprises are increasingly organising their production across borders. Today, processing abroad, traditional trading with goods across borders, as well as purchases and sales of goods not crossing Danish borders (merchanting) have become closely linked. This trend has been particularly strong over the past decade., This analysis describes how enterprises organise production internationally, with special focus on Danish manufacturing industries’ production and sales abroad. The analysis is based on new figures for balance of payments and international trade in goods and ser­vices, which were published on 10 October 2016., Main conclusions of the analysis: , In 2005, Danish manufacturers sold goods abroad which were not produced in Denmark for about DKK 8 bn. In 2015, this figure had risen to more than DKK 120 bn., Sales of merchanting goods by manufacturing industries, i.e. goods purchased and sold outside of Danish borders, amounted to almost DKK 70 bn. in 2015. The merchanting goods were primarily sold in other EU countries., Purchases abroad by Danish enterprises of foreign goods for processing abroad have in­creased over ten years from virtually zero to almost DKK 16 bn. In the same period, pur­chases by Danish enterprises of processing services abroad have risen from almost DKK , 1 bn. to almost DKK 9 bn., Get as pdf, Large increase in sales of goods abroad by Danish manufacturing industries, Colophone, Large increase in sales of goods abroad by Danish manufacturing industries, Subject group: Economy, Released: 18 November 2016 09:00, No. 2016:22, ISSN pdf: 2446-0354, Contact:, Pia Nielsen, Telephone: +45 30 61 93 05

    Analysis