Statistical processing

Source data

The survey covers enterprises in the private, non-financial urban industries with at least 10 full-time employees. In 2019 and 2021 the population also covers microenterprises with 5-9 full-time employees. The survey is based on questionnaire information from a sample of enterprises. The sample is stratified by industry groups and size (defined by number of full-time employees).

Information is reported digitally.

The survey covers enterprises in the private, non-financial urban industries with at least 10 full-time employees. The sample included 4,667 enterprises, and of these 3,523 units also extended to the 2022 sample, i.e. 75,5 percent of the sample in 2023 are repeats from last year. Net sample included 4,632 enterprises, and there were 4,557 responses. In the net sample, enterprises that are closed or bankrupt are deducted.

For the calculation of E-sales share of total revenue, information from the Business Register (ESR) is used. Enterprises e-purchases are calculated as a percentage of total purchases. Information about total purchase is obtained from General Enterprise Statistics.

Frequency of data collection

Yearly.

Data collection

Digital reporting via the form. The form can be seen here.

Data validation

A number of checks and validation mechanisms as well as reporting aides for the reporter’s understanding of the questionnaire are built into the digital form. This includes among other things checks on sum totals of quantitative fields (e.g. that reported percentages add to 100 per cent) as well as filter and routing mechanisms (e.g. so that information cannot be reported in fields, where the enterprise should not provide any information).

Once data is received by Statistics Denmark a number of additional checks are performed. These are performed in part at macro level, where e.g. the results for a given variable for an activity group or size class are compared to the ones from the previous survey period. Further validation is carried out at micro level, i.e. at the level of the individual enterprise. This includes e.g. comparison of the reported e-commerce figures with those reported previously. In both macro and micro level validation background information from Statistics Denmark’s Statistical Business Register is used. Finally, in addition to this, checks involve identifying outliers, i.e. reported data with extreme values, for certain variables. In some cases validation results in recontacting the reporting enterprise for a clarification of the reported data.

Data compilation

The published results are raised to the level of the population.

A stratified random sampling is used on the basis of the activity of the enterprise and the number of employees. By grossing up a weighting and calibration using regression techniques is applied to the weight of the individual enterprise. Imputation is not used, neither in the case of partially lacking information from the enterprise (item non-response), nor in the case of completely lacking reporting from an enterprise (unit non-response). The latter, instead, is handling through reweighting as part of the grossing up procedure.

Adjustment

No further corrections are undertaken than those already described under validation and treatment.