0 Administrative Information about the Statistical Product


0.1 Name
Input-output tables

0.2 Subject Area
National accounts and balance of payments

0.3 Responsible Authority, Office, Person, etc.
National accounts
Tim Folke, tel. +45 39 17 34 96, e-mail:tfo@dst.dk

0.4 Purpose and History
The purpose of the Input-output table is by means of an organized tabulation of detailled economical-statistics to inform about the interactions between production, imports and uses in the economy for a given period. The table makes it possible, using only weak assumptios, to undertake model calculations showing interactions in the economy that are not directly observable, neither in the National Accounts nor in the tables themselves.Yearly tables in their present form exist for the years since 1966.
Earlier versions for Denmark were compiled and published in the early 1940's, i.e. before any significant literature relating to the area existed.

0.5 Users and Application
Government departments, organizations, etc. requiring information about the interactions between industries or between final demands and primary inputs, e.g. employment or via satellite systems which uses of energy (and the resulting emission of pollutants) depend directly and indirectly on different types of final demand.

0.6 Sources
The input-output table is based on the functional part of the final version of the National Accounts, complemented with a variety of assumptions as laid down by ESA 95. The Danish symmetric input-output table is of the form industry by industry.

0.7 Legal Authority to Collect Data
The act on Statistics Denmark (Lov om Danmarks Statistik) section 6 and subsections 8-12.

0.8 Response burden
No direct burden since the table is derived from the National Accounts.

0.9 EU Regulation
Council Regulation (EC) No 2223/96 of 25 June 1996 concerning the European system of national and regional accounts in the Community (ENS 95) (OJ L 310 30.11.96, p. 1)


1 Contents


1.1 Description of Contents
A table is set up on the basis of approx. 2,350 product balances in the yearly national accounts, describing in monetary terms how goods and services have been flowing in the economy. Suppliers are the industries, imports and other primary inputs, including compensation of employees, while the demand side consists of the industries and final demands, e.g. private consumption and exports. The table shows values at basic prices (for imports, incl. customs duties), the price concept with the highest degree of homogeneity between values and quantities.

If the structure of the table is assumed to be constant, the consequences of assumed changes in the final demands or prices of primary inputs may be calculated.

The table is compiled at current and constant (p.t. 2000) prices and in the prices of the previous year.

1.2 Statistical Concepts
The national accounts are compiled in accordance with the definitions in the EU's "European System of National Accounts ENS95", which is a European version of the UN's "A System of National Accounts 1993".

The main structure of the national accounts consists of a number of consolidated accounts for the economy as a whole which are called: Goods and services account, Production account, Generation of income, distribution of income and spending of income accounts, Capital account and Rest of the world account.

The Goods and services account shows the value of the total supply of goods and services in the form of output and imports of goods and services. The supply is equivalent to the value of the total use of goods and services distributed between intermediate consumption, final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and exports of goods and services.

The central variable GDP - Gross Domestic Product - can be found in the Production account. The Generation of income, distribution of income and spending of income accounts show the incomes, which are the result of the Danish value added, to whom these incomes accrue, and how they are used.

The Capital account shows how gross savings have been spent on gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories, resulting in net lending/net borrowing. This, in turn, corresponds to the balance in the Rest of the world account, which largely corresponds to the balance of the current account in the balance of payments.


2 Time


2.1 Reference Period
The reference period of the figures in the annual final national accounts is the calendar year. Flow figures refer to transactions during the year, while employment figures of the type number of employed are averages over the year.

2.2 Date of Publication
The table is, like the final yearly national accounts, published yearly, about 3 years after the end of the reference year.

2.3 Punctuality
The table is published according to schedule.

2.4 Frequency
Annually


3 Accuracy


3.1 Overall accuracy
When the national accounts were based on the definitions in the European System of National Accounts ESA95, the national accounts were at the same time undergoing a major revision, which means that all the levels were examined and evaluated, among other things, for the sake of the Gross National Income compilations, which form the basis of a considerable amount of the financial contribution from Denmark to the EU.
A reasonable accuracy of the national accounts figures is maintained by compiling the product balances at a very detailed level. Furthermore, the compilation of the central variable GDP is to the greatest extent possible done from the 3 points of view: production, expenditure and income, so these figures may be compared.
A further reason for a possible lack of accuracy of the data in the table may be unreliability of the assumptions made in order to set up the table.

3.2 Sources of inaccuracy
The inaccuracy of the national accounts figures relates to the inaccuracy of the various sources, which are used. However, the conceptual consistency and, the uniform adaptation of the sources over time contribute to reducing the inaccuracy of the national accounts figures. In particular, the combination of the primary sources into a coherent system in many cases gives rise to the detection of errors, which therefore are not reflected in the final national accounts.

3.3 Measures on accuracy
Not estimated.


4 Comparability


4.1 Comparability over Time
Since the preparation of national accounts statistics is based on the idea that the figures are comparable over time to the greatest possible degree, the same will be the case for a time-series of input-output tables set up from the national accounts using uniform methods.
In the present set of tables those for 1990 and later are compiled using such uniform methods, while tables for 1966-1989 result from an earlier set of tables being adjusted to new classifications and definitions, and corrected for known problems concerning data. Since this has been done by a backwards calculation of the year 1990, considerable effort has been used to avoid break in the continuity of any series. For the period 1966-1987 the tables that now have been adjusted, were already adjusted for a change from ESA 1979 to ESA 1995 and in nomenclature and methods.There is consequently for the period 1966-1989 an extremely long distance between primary data and the Input-Output tables.In connection with the production of the table for 2006 a revision especially of public non-market cosumption for the years 1990-2005 has been implemented. It has been attempted to take this revision all the way back to 1966. This has hardly made the the difference between the numbers in the input-output tables and the primary data smaller.

4.2 Comparability with other Statistics
Since the indutrial classification of the input-output table equals the most detailed of the National Accounts, which is derived from Statistics Denmark's industrial classification DB03, (a Danish version of the EU NACE, rev. 1.1 and the UN's ISIC, rev. 3.1), data from the table can be compared to data from other statistics by industry.
The final national accounts classification of 130 industries corresponds - except for a few deviations - to the 111 standard classification with subdivisions and the 130 industries of the national accounts can be aggregated to the other standard classifications. For this reason, national accounts and input-output table figures can easily be compared to and used in connection with other statistics that are based on the DB03-standard classifications.
However, comparisons with other statistics at a detailed industry level will often show differences, partly because of differences in definitions of variables, and partly because of the calendar-year delimitation of the national accounts and its requirement of total coverage of the economic activity.
To obtain a high degree of comparability the countries of the European Union have since 2003 transmitted input-output tables with common classifications.

4.3 Coherence between provisional and final statistics
At the moment, preliminary input-output tables are not calculated. Consequently, only the final yearly table is available.


5 Accessibility


5.1 Forms of dissemination
Annual publications: Statistical Yearbook, National Accounts Statistics YYYY and Danish Input-Output Tables and Analyses YYYY ("Statistisk Årbog", "Nationalregnskabsstatistik YYYY" and "Danish Input-Output Tables and Analyses YYYY").
A very aggregated input-output table is published in Statistical Yearbook. A somewhat less aggregated version of the table is published in National Accounts Statistics and Danish Input-Output Tables and Analyses. In the latter publication, tables showing subdivisions of some of the data in the basic table are also available. The publication further contains analytical results, both of an economic nature based on the input-output data and concerning employment, use of energy and pollution based on combining the input-output data with data in satellite systems. In the most detailed version the table is only available as computer files.

5.2 Basic material: Storage and usability
Danish input-output and employment data are availible free of charge in the form they exist. Data from a few compatible systems, e.g. use of energy and investment, may also be obtained. The input-output tables and related data may be downloaded from www.dst.dk/inputoutput in several formats. The classifications used in the tables are available at the same place.

5.3 Documentation
The methods for transforming the data of the final annual National Accounts into input-output tables are only documented in internal documentation.

5.4 Other Information



Supplementary documentation
No supplementary documentation is available